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On March 2, 1903 the Platt Amendment〔(Transcript of Platt Amendment ), Internet Modern History Sourcebook, accessed November 27, 2012〕 passed which amended the 1901 Army Appropriations Bill.〔(1901 Platt Amendment commentary ) at the US Archives online〕 It stipulated seven conditions for the withdrawal of United States troops remaining in Cuba at the end of the Spanish–American War, and an eighth condition that Cuba sign a treaty accepting these seven conditions. It defined the terms of Cuban–U.S. relations to essentially be an unequal one of U.S. dominance over Cuba. On December 25, 1901, Cuba amended its constitution to contain the text of the Platt Amendment.〔(US archives online ), Date of ratification by Cuba〕 On January 14, 1903, Cuba entered into an international treaty with the United States to make the same required seven pledges: the Cuban–American Treaty of Relations.〔 Copy of the proclamation announcing the signing of the May Treaty; text in English and Spanish.〕 Two of the seven pledges were to allow the United States to intervene unilaterally in Cuban affairs, and a pledge to lease land to the United States for naval bases on the island. (The 1934 Treaty of Relations replaced the 1903 Treaty of Relations, and dropped three of the seven pledges.) The 1903 Treaty of Relations was used as justification for the Second Occupation of Cuba from 1906 to 1909. On September 29, 1906, Secretary of War (and future U.S. president) William Howard Taft initiated the Second Occupation of Cuba when he established the Provisional Government of Cuba under the terms of the treaty (Article three), declaring himself Provisional Governor of Cuba.〔(Records of the Provisional Government of Cuba ), National Archives and Records Administration. "Established: By a proclamation of the Secretary of War, September 29, 1906, under general authority of the Permanent Treaty of 1903 between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, with oversight responsibilities assigned to the Bureau of Insular Affairs (War Department) by EO 518, October 23, 1906. ... History: Military Government of Cuba established by Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke, December 28, 1898, as a consequence of U.S. invasion and occupation of Cuba in the Spanish-American War, in accordance with Presidential order published in General Order 184, Headquarters of the Army, December 13, 1898. Spanish colonial administration formally terminated, January 1, 1899. Republic of Cuba established by transfer of sovereignty, May 20, 1902. Domestic unrest in Cuba led to the proclamation of September 29, 1906, which designated Secretary of War William H. Taft as Provisional Governor of Cuba. Taft succeeded as Provisional Governor by Charles E. Magoon, October 13, 1906. EO 518, October 23, 1906, ordered Governor Magoon to report to the Secretary of War through the Bureau of Insular Affairs. Military government terminated January 28, 1909."〕〔(the 1906 Taft proclamation )〕 On October 23, 1906, President Roosevelt issued , ratifying the order.〔 ==Background== During the Spanish–American War, the United States maintained a large military arsenal in Cuba to protect U.S. holdings and to mediate Spanish–Cuban relations.〔Lars Schoultz. ''Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy Towards Latin America'' (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998)〕 In 1899, the McKinley administration settled on occupation as its response to the appearance of a revolutionary government in Cuba following the end of Spanish control.〔Benjamin Keen and Keith Haynes, ''A History of Latin America: Volume 2 Independence to the Present''(Boston: Houghton Mifflen Co., 2004), pp. ??〕 In an effort to turn Cuba into a "self-governing colony",〔 the United States established fighters to maintain public order. American General Leonard Wood used the financial resources of the Cuban treasury to create sanitation systems.〔 A handful of civil rights, including the right to vote, were extended to literate, adult, male Cubans with property worth $250 or more, largely resulting in exclusion of the Afro-Cuban population from participation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Platt Amendment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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